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Turkey Begins Ratifying Mecca Defense Pact With Saudi Arabia And Pakistan

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Turkey Begins Ratifying Mecca Defense Pact With Saudi Arabia And Pakistan

Authored by Evgenia Filimianova via The Epoch Times,

Turkey has begun ratifying the Mecca Joint Defense Agreement, a new pact signed with Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. The agreement has drawn increased attention since it was signed in August.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan (L), Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (C), and Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif (R) in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, on Aug. 7, 2026. Saudi Press Agency via AP

President Donald Trump welcomed the pact as a step toward greater regional security, while recent Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia have put renewed focus on how the alliance could operate in practice.

Saudi Arabia is the Gulf’s largest military spender, Turkey has NATO’s second-largest army after the United States, and Pakistan is the world’s only nuclear-armed Muslim-majority nation.

The agreement commits the three countries to closer military cooperation and includes a collective defense clause under which an armed attack on one member would be treated as an attack on all.

Here’s what the agreement says, how it would work, and what could happen next.

Where the Agreement Stands

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, and Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif signed the agreement in the Saudi holy city of Mecca.

It aims to strengthen military and security cooperation among the three countries and is based on the principles of the U.N. Charter, respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, and non-interference in each other’s domestic affairs.

Turkey is the first of the three countries to publicly begin ratifying the agreement. Parliamentary records show the treaty was formally submitted to Turkish lawmakers on Oct. 21.

Turkish Parliament Speaker Numan Kurtulmus said on Oct. 22 that the relevant parliamentary committee will consider the treaty first, then submit it to the General Assembly for debate and a vote. If approved, it will become law.

Pakistan has not sought parliamentary approval, and Saudi Arabia has not announced a separate ratification process. Despite this, officials from both countries have already participated in meetings held under the new defense pact.

What’s in the Agreement?

The treaty contains 16 articles covering defense, security, intelligence sharing, military cooperation, and defense industry collaboration.

The agreement’s main provision is its collective defense clause.

It says that if one of the three countries comes under an external armed attack, the others will treat it as an attack on all of them and provide assistance.

However, the treaty does not require the same response every time. Instead, the three governments would decide together what kind of support is needed based on the situation.

That support could include military assistance, intelligence, logistics, or other resources.

The three countries also agree to work together on defense technology, research, innovation, and joint production of military equipment. They also commit to sharing intelligence through secure channels and providing logistical support, such as ammunition, fuel, spare parts, and other military supplies, when needed.

Why Does It Matter?

The pact comes during a period of heightened tensions in the Middle East following the Iran conflict and amid Iran-backed Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia.

Pakistani and Turkish officials have condemned the Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia.

Last month, Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan told Turkish broadcaster NTV that Ankara was ready to provide Saudi Arabia with technical military assistance under the Mecca agreement if the kingdom requests it.

At the same time, Ankara maintains that the Mecca agreement is not directed against Iran, Israel, or any other country.

For Pakistan, the Mecca Agreement builds on existing military ties with Riyadh.

Earlier this year, Saudi Arabia rolled over more than $1.2 billion in oil import payments for Pakistan, part of a series of bailouts and deferred payment facilities that have propped up Pakistan’s economy.

The two countries also signed a separate mutual defense agreement in 2025, pledging to come to each other’s aid if either is attacked.

How Will It Work?

The agreement creates a Strategic Political and Defense Committee to oversee the alliance.

The committee will include the foreign ministers, defense ministers, and military chiefs of the three countries. It will meet twice a year, with meetings rotating between Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan.

The three countries’ leaders may also meet annually if needed, and a permanent secretariat will be based in Saudi Arabia.

On Oct. 5, officials from Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan met in Riyadh to discuss security threats facing Saudi Arabia. They appointed retired Pakistani Lieutenant General Nauman Mahmood as the alliance’s first secretary-general for a three-year term.

The agreement also allows the alliance to expand. Last month, Kurtulmus said it could eventually include other Muslim countries, including Iran. The three founding countries must unanimously approve any new member.

Under the treaty, it will remain in force indefinitely, but any member may withdraw after 10 years with three months’ written notice.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan speaks to MPs at his party’s group meeting in the Turkish parliament on Jan. 21, 2026, in Ankara, Turkey. Serdar Ozsoy/Getty Images

Tyler Durden
Mon, 10/26/2026 – 02:00

Israel Has Its Pretext For Total War On West Bank

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Israel Has Its Pretext For Total War On West Bank

Authored by Joe Lauria via Consortium News

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has threatened a major military offensive against the West Bank four days before he stands for re-election after two Israeli soldiers were killed on Friday in Hebron. 

Consortium News on Thursday predicted that Palestinians killing an Israeli on the West Bank could trigger an all-out war against the Palestinian Authority. 

Netanyahu announcement outside Hebron, screengrab via Israeli media

It is still unclear what led to the Israeli soldiers being killed after a clash with what early reports call Palestinian “gunmen.” The men, identified by the Israelis as Firas and Hamouda al-Jaaba, did not appear to be members of the PA security forces.

Netanyahu rushed to Hebron, where in military gear, he announced that the entire city would be shut down as the IDF carried out house-to-house operations.  He vowed a major military operation in the West Bank, “of a scale not seen since the Six-Day War,” when Israel began its occupation of the territory in 1967.

“The IDF is ready to carry it out. We will determine the timing, but it is coming,” he said.

Before it was known that the Israeli soldiers had been killed, he issued this statement:

“It appears that Hamas terrorists were planning a major attack aimed at murdering innocent civilians, as evidenced by the large quantities of weapons and ammunition discovered. … I have instructed the IDF and security forces to immediately cordon off the city of Hebron and take additional security measures to prevent terrorist attacks originating from Judea and Samaria.”

Bezalel Smotrich, Israel’s  extreme right finance minister, also in Hebron, called for a major war against the occupied West Bank similar to Gaza. 

“There is no alternative to a comprehensive military operation in Judea and Samaria that will lead to the dismantling of the Palestinian Authority, the confiscation of weapons and the elimination of terrorists. Just as in Gaza and Lebanon,” said Smotrich, who added he would push for the operation to be approved and implemented. 

Consortium News reported Thursday:

“Israel is threatening ‘total war’ against the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank.

With just days to go before the Israeli general election on Oct. 27, Israel’s prime minister and defense minister have threatened a full-scale attack if an Israel settler or soldier is killed by a member of the Palestinian security forces.”

The article said that both Netanyahu and  Defense Minister Israel Katz warned that Palestinians killing an Israeli soldier or settler on the West bank would trigger a major offensive.

Katz said that the IDF was waiting for PA security personnel and associated groups to “turn their guns” against Israeli settlers and IDF troops in the West Bank.

He said:

“In such a case, war will be declared against the Palestinian Authority, and the IDF will launch a comprehensive offensive in accordance with an organized plan that was formulated and approved by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and by me, according to the principles outlined for the IDF.”

Katz added:

“The campaign will be short and powerful, and will include the use of ground and air forces, and the use of special means, the targeting and expulsion of senior officials, the destruction of weapons and military equipment, and the extensive evacuation of residents and destruction of terrorist infrastructure inside the cities and in all refugee camps in Judea and Samaria[West Bank] , in accordance with the Gaza and Lebanon model, alongside reinforcing forces and defending the Israeli communities.”

During a visit to a West Bank security barrier on Oct.13, Netanyahu also warned of all out war against Ramallah. “Our enemies are thinking of testing us in these days leading up to the elections. I warn them that we are prepared for every scenario, including what is known as ‘turning the guns around,’” he said.

Netanyahu said the IDF had given him and Katz “a powerful, robust plan. … In such a scenario, I wouldn’t advise our enemies to test us. You will encounter a level of force here that you never imagined.”

CN speculated that Israel could provoke such a killing just days before the election in order to give Netanyahu the casus belli.

Polls indicate his party will not win a majority to form a new government, it could come in second place and that he might not be asked to form a new government. Netanyahu face possible jail time on corruption charges if he is no longer the prime minister.

Tyler Durden
Sun, 10/25/2026 – 23:59

Is It Time For Another Worldwide Civilizational Collapse?

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Is It Time For Another Worldwide Civilizational Collapse?

Authored by Robert Arvay via American Thinker,

It has happened before in history. Those who think it can’t happen again are out of their minds…

In 1200 B.C., worldwide civilization fell into ruin. That is only partially an overstatement. The Americas and Asia were on a separate path, but the Mediterranean complex of civilizations, the “known world,” was all but destroyed. It was laying the foundation of Western Civilization, which is the modern worldwide standard for science, technology, human rights, and self-government – and critically, an enduring monotheistic society.

The Bronze Age collapse took about a century, but that is sudden in terms of history. Before 1300 B.C. there was a network of prosperous, stable kingdoms. Then, shortly thereafter, everything went wrong at once. Volcanoes and invasions were the headline causes, but numerous other factors came into play. The result was the destruction of mighty empires. Thriving cities fell into ruin. Trade routes were cut. Barbarians massacred entire populations.

Recovery took centuries, but here we are, enjoying yet another golden age of worldwide prosperity. Yes, there are dark spots and open sores in the picture, but day to day, most people awaken to indoor plumbing and controlled temperatures. They enjoy breakfast, and they thrive within family, career, and comfort.

It could all come crashing down in a lifetime or less.

In the 1980s, cultural revolutionaries chanted, “Hey, hey, ho, ho, Western civ has got to go.” If no one took them seriously at the time, we do now, because they are getting their wish.

Witness Europe. The aforementioned modern worldwide standard for science, etc. is being eroded. Invaders who once were repelled at the walls have now been invited in through the gates, and given food, shelter, medical care, and freedom. In return, they plunder, rape, and murder their benefactors. The revolution continues.

All of this was not only eminently predictable, but actually predicted. Hungary and Poland sounded the warning loud and clear, as did classic liberals throughout Europe and the anglosphere. Today, those two nations are the safest and most stable countries in Europe, yet they are excoriated by the others for practicing the very policies that make them the shining examples of what the continent could be. The lepers are screaming at the healthy, “Be like us!”

Is a reversal of the currently unfolding self-destruction possible? Yes, but the bandage must be painfully ripped off. Mass deportation, previously unthinkable to the leftist mind, is now being seriously discussed as a necessity. Painful solutions, however, are not something ignorant populations accept, or even understand.

As our Founders understood, evils will be suffered while they are sufferable, but eventually, they become neither tolerable nor tolerated. What happens when the evils are so deeply embedded that removing them is not merely painful, but destructive of the institutions of power?

Embedded they are. Western Europe, which was once the bastion of all that is valuable in a free society, has fallen into a state of what can only be called terminal madness – a state in which the cure is deemed to be the disease, and vice versa.

Worse yet, Canada and Australia, legendary allies and partners of the United States, are falling headlong into the same mire. Mires, almost by definition, only get worse, pulling their victims ever downward the more they struggle to extricate themselves. Canada will soon discover this, courtesy of its new friends in Communist China.

In the 1940s, European civilization was on the brink of final collapse. The economies of Italy and Germany had become so distressed that brutal dictatorships were installed as a solution, bringing ever more ruin. Will history repeat itself?

There is hope. Bronze was never the best metal; iron is better, but iron is more difficult to forge than the copper-tin alloy of bronze. Only when the supplies of tin were cut off were the metalsmiths forced to resort to the more abundant, and stronger, elemental iron. It had been there all along, available the whole time. (Does this give greater meaning to the word irony?)

By analogy, multiculturalism is the weak alloy of various, incompatible cultures. The values of Western civilization are the iron – difficult to practice but superior values to which we must return. Europe can survive, but it will have to be dragged, kicking and screaming (and worse) the whole way.

Viva Hungary. Viva Poland.

We publish a variety of perspectives. Nothing written here is to be construed as representing the views of ZeroHedge.

Tyler Durden
Sun, 10/25/2026 – 23:59

Kentucky Could Go From Zero Reactors To America’s Biggest Nuclear Plant

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Kentucky Could Go From Zero Reactors To America’s Biggest Nuclear Plant

The Nuclear Company (TNC) unveiled plans on October 21st for Prosperity One, a campus on the Ohio River in Lewis County, Kentucky, with room for up to six Westinghouse AP1000 reactors.

At roughly 6.6 GW, a fully built Prosperity One would top Georgia’s four-unit Plant Vogtle as the largest nuclear plant in the country. That’s more than a third of the roughly 18 GW of generating capacity Kentucky currently has.

It would also be Kentucky’s first commercial reactor. The state only lifted its decades-old restrictions on new nuclear construction in 2017.

The first phase calls for two units, and TNC wants federal approvals in hand to start construction in 2028. 

That’s ambitious for a project that hasn’t filed anything with the NRC or PJM yet…

The Carrs Bottom site near Vanceburg was once assembled for a coal plant that was later abandoned, and it sits half a mile from a 765 kV line feeding PJM. The land belongs to lifelong Lewis County resident Sam Howard, who is partnering on the project.

“I have nine grandchildren, and all of them live in Lewis County,” Howard said. “I want them to have the opportunity to stay.”

We’ve been tracking TNC for a while. In April, we reported the startup was preparing to propose an AP1000 at one of three South Carolina sites, noting that the $80 billion Westinghouse deal struck with Washington six months earlier had produced zero visible shovels in the dirt.

Weeks later, TNC and Brookfield, which owns 51% of Westinghouse, teamed up on a new company to develop Westinghouse reactor projects. Its first job is the possible completion of VC Summer Units 2 and 3, the two half-built AP1000s abandoned in 2017 after South Carolina utilities sank about $9 billion into them.

Cost overruns at the miserably managed Vogtle and Summer projects drove Westinghouse into bankruptcy that same year. Fast forward almost 10 years, and now the company is looking to IPO at almost $50 billion.

In May, we noted Brookfield was working toward a final investment decision by 2027, which would mean paying state-owned Santee Cooper $2.7 billion for the unfinished units. Brookfield has since told Santee Cooper’s board it will make that call by March 31, 2028.

Kentucky is a bigger undertaking. Prosperity One is a greenfield site rather than an expansion of an existing plant, and TNC is betting that building the same reactor over and over will bring costs down.

Vogtle Unit 4 came online roughly 30% cheaper and faster than Unit 3, according to Heatmap. Joe Klecha, TNC’s chief nuclear officer and a Vogtle construction veteran, expects at least that much at Prosperity One: “The 30%, I would say, is the floor on the savings from the first unit to the second unit.”

That squares with the McKinsey work we covered in July, which credited identical units at the UAE’s Barakah plant with cutting costs “from construction of the first unit to the fourth by roughly 40 percent.”

The NRC has done some of the work already. On October 14th, it renewed the AP1000’s design certification through 2066, folding in lessons from the nearly 200 license amendments approved during Vogtle’s construction and startup.

Chairman Ho Nieh said the update “provides the regulatory foundation for America to move from building individual reactors to deploying them at scale.”

Now find a buyer

What TNC doesn’t have yet is a customer. It hasn’t disclosed a cost estimate, a financing plan, or who will own the plant, though it says it’s negotiating offtake agreements and expects deals by next year.

In June, the DOE offered a $17.5 billion conditional commitment for long-lead AP1000 equipment, built around up to five two-reactor sites. Prosperity One’s two-unit first phase would match that structure.

Then there’s Korea. When Seoul’s $120 billion reactor pledge was announced last month, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick said the units were “going in Kentucky,” among other states.

Brookfield says those AP1000s will go on federal land, but TNC hasn’t said whether Prosperity One is connected.

Tyler Durden
Sun, 10/25/2026 – 23:30

Seattle Plans 200 New Public EV Chargers Despite Slowing U.S. Electric Vehicle Sales

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Seattle Plans 200 New Public EV Chargers Despite Slowing U.S. Electric Vehicle Sales

Seattle is moving ahead with a significant expansion of its electric vehicle charging infrastructure, announcing plans to bring another 200 public charging stations to city streets as part of an effort to make EV ownership more practical for residents without private garages or driveways, according to MyBallard.

The project represents the next phase of an earlier rollout that brought 58 charging units to 31 sites between 2023 and 2024. Seattle City Light and the city’s transportation department will oversee the expansion, with particular attention given to apartment-heavy neighborhoods where residents often lack convenient places to plug in their vehicles overnight.

Rather than choosing every location in advance, Seattle is inviting residents and building owners to recommend potential sites through fall 2027. Officials will evaluate submissions in successive rounds of roughly 40 to 50 locations, weighing factors such as neighborhood population, existing charging availability, nearby commercial activity, and the number of households that could benefit. Areas historically underserved by public investment will also receive consideration.

The report says that each station will offer Level 2 charging with a maximum output of 9.6 kilowatts, translating to roughly 30 additional miles of driving range per hour under typical conditions. The equipment will come in several configurations, including freestanding units and chargers mounted to existing utility poles. Drivers will be able to use the stations without booking ahead, although access will depend on availability.

Engineering and planning work is expected to get underway in spring 2027, followed by the first installations later that year. Individual sites should require approximately two weeks of construction. The expansion will be financed through Seattle’s voter-approved transportation levy alongside funding from the municipal electric utility.

The investment comes during a difficult period for the broader U.S. electric vehicle industry. According to Cox Automotive, Americans purchased approximately 263,000 new EVs during the third quarter of 2026, a 39.5% decline from the same period last year, when buyers rushed to take advantage of expiring federal tax incentives. EVs represented approximately 6.4% of new vehicle sales during the quarter, down from more than 10% a year earlier, although sales improved sequentially throughout 2026.

Tesla remains the dominant manufacturer, accounting for more than half of U.S. EV purchases, even as its own quarterly sales declined roughly 20% year over year. The figures highlight the challenge facing the industry: public charging networks continue to expand even as consumer adoption has slowed considerably from its previous pace.

Tyler Durden
Sun, 10/25/2026 – 22:30

Meanwhile, Today In ‘Everything Is Racist’…

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Meanwhile, Today In ‘Everything Is Racist’…

Authored by Steve Watson via Modernity.news,

A Harlem bagel shop that has served its neighborhood for nearly a decade was forced to pull a cartoon mascot from the sidewalk after an influencer declared the smiling, sunglasses-wearing bagel a “blackface bagel.”

Yes, really. Bagels are now racist.

Threats and harassment followed. The offense was a piece of local street art.

Bo’s Bagels on West 116th Street, opened in 2017 by New York native Andrew Martinez and co-owner Ashley Dikos after they could not find decent bagels in the area, displayed a life-sized cardboard cutout that doubled as a chalkboard sign.

Designed by Harlem-based artist Tom Sanford, the mascot featured golden grills reading “Harlem World,” a large gold ring marked “NYC,” and the cheerful expression of a cartoon character.

Critics treated the grills, ring, and browned cartoon skin as evidence of a racist caricature.

The sequence began with Harlem photographer Carl Broady, who posted on Instagram that the sign was a “disrespectful caricature of black people.”

He wrote that “the sign’s exaggerated features, bulging lips and teeth, and darkened skin tone […] recall the racist caricatures historically used to degrade Black people.”

The post gained traction. TikTok creator Anastazia X, who has roughly 4,000 followers and produces content under Black Star Reviews while involved with Harlem Votes, visited the shop and amplified the claim.

In her video she called the cutout a “blackface bagel” and said “it’s not funny,” while describing other art inside as “a little askew.” She also stated the shop was white-owned and that an email she sent had been ignored. The video spread, drawing comments that framed the grills and overall look as stereotypical.

Martinez, who has lived in Harlem for nearly 20 years, told the New York Post the situation “got completely out of hand by a bunch of people who know nothing about us. And the rage was coming in from people who just wanted to call us racist.”

He said callers contacted his Black employees with the message “you need to leave there because your owners hate you,” which he rejected as untrue. Other influencers arrived to film additional videos.

The owners removed the cutout from the sidewalk and placed it out of sight. Martinez noted that local customers already know the shop’s record: “This is actually almost weird to us because Harlemites love us. They know what we do. We donate to schools. We give food away to the homeless shelters.”

Sanford, who has lived in Harlem since the mid-1990s and whose other work includes life-sized Knicks player cutouts displayed near City Hall during the team’s recent championship run, rejected the blackface framing.

“I did not intend it to be necessarily African American, but I did want it to be of Harlem,” he told NBC New York. He added, “Personally, I do not see uptown streetwear culture in a negative light at all,” and described the grills and related elements as “overwhelmingly positive cultural contributions that came from the streets of my neighborhood and crossed over into the mainstream.”

He said he wanted “nothing more than to celebrate that culture,” linking the design to hip-hop and neighborhood street style rather than historical minstrel imagery.

Co-owner Ashley Dikos, who has run the shop with Martinez for nearly a decade, described the piece the same way: “That art to me was celebratory, positive. He’s smiling, it’s a bagel, it’s a cartoon. It just wasn’t ever supposed to be controversial.” She later observed that “being a business owner is not for the faint of heart.”

Neighborhood reactions were not uniform. One longtime Harlem resident told the Post he saw “stereotypical imagery” in the gold chains and overall presentation, comparing it to older caricatures.

Another resident, Genisha Metcalf, said plainly “that’s not blackface” and that labeling the sign racist went too far.

Local accounts on X later questioned the rush to condemnation, noting the shop’s employment of Black staff and its support for neighborhood causes, and asked why energy was directed at a cardboard mascot rather than other issues in the area.

Anastazia X later told the Post she was “sorry that employees and the owner have been harassed as a result of the video” and that “that was not my intention and I don’t condone or support any behavior of that kind.”

The episode fits a familiar pattern in which ordinary commercial expression – here a smiling bagel character referencing the very neighborhood street culture the artist and owners live in – becomes the next target once the online machinery identifies an angle.

When a cartoon bagel with grills and a ring can generate this response and force a small business to alter its storefront, the standard for offense has expanded beyond comprehension.

Tyler Durden
Sun, 10/25/2026 – 22:00

America Can’t Stockpile Missiles Without Reloading On Conflict-Free Critical Materials

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America Can’t Stockpile Missiles Without Reloading On Conflict-Free Critical Materials

Authored by Anthony Milewski of The Oregon Group, 

Sixteen days of the Iran war left coalition forces needing an estimated 4,000kg of tungsten just to replace the expended gun ammunition — but US mines produced none of the metal in 2025 and, instead, China accounted for 79% of global tungsten mine production.

And it’s not just tungsten.

In a RUSI analysis of the Iran war, researchers estimated coalition forces expended more than 11,000 munitions in the first 16 days. And replenishing these arsenals will require secure access to a wide range critical minerals — from antimony to copper, rare earths to titanium — that make advanced weapon systems possible.

And the West’s exposure, especially dependence on Chinese supply, is substantial. 

“If the war in Ukraine was a wake-up call for the Western defence industrial base, the first 16 days of the Iran conflict are a fire alarm signalling a crisis of endurance” — Over 11,000 munitions in 16 Days of the Iran War: ‘Command of the Reload’ Governs Endurance

Material risk matrix from War on the Rocks, August 2025. The authors’ scores show relative risks, not measured percentages.

The critical mineral risks behind the weaponry

In their August 2025 War on the Rocks analysis, Macdonald Amoah, Morgan Bazilian, Clarkson Kamurai and Jahara Matisek, ranks across two broad tiers:

  • first-tier risks are gallium, the battery-chemicals chain, tungsten, and graphite
  • second tier includes titanium sponge, germanium, antimony, indium, magnesium, and molybdenum, with nitrocellulose and finish-line capacity in specialty steels and aerospace aluminum (requiring near-term hedges because surge capacity is slow to add)

The assessment combines concentration of supply, military importance, limited substitutes and the time needed to add capacity. For example, refining, separation and specialised finishing are frequent constraints if a mine whose output still passes through a vulnerable refining process that leaves part of the exposure intact.

Across ammunition, missiles and supporting military systems, six critical mineral priorities stand out:

For example, tungsten and gallium illustrate America’s (and the West’s) vulnerability because they underpin both weapons and the systems that support them: tungsten is used in armaments and the cutting tools needed to manufacture military equipment, while gallium enables semiconductors used in advanced military radars. Yet, China accounted for approx 79% of global tungsten mine production and 99% of primary low-purity gallium production in 2025, exposing these capabilities to highly concentrated mineral supply chains.

An arsenal built on imported minerals

US vulnerability extends across the critical-mineral supply chain. 

A July 2026 Government Accountability Office assessment reported that the US was fully import-dependent for 12 critical minerals and relied on imports for at least half its requirements for another 34.

USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026. Total import reliance is for 2025; China’s share of imports covers 2021–24. The two measures have different denominators

Despite recent government funding, the scale of the challenge for the US remains significant, for example:

The Pentagon is increasingly explicit about the stakes.

“Securing resilient domestic and allied supply chains is a fundamental warfighting requirement,” said Mike Cadenazzi, the Pentagon’s assistant secretary responsible for industrial base policy, in an August 2026 announcement committing US$750 million to secure rare-earth supply from Brazil’s Serra Verde.

Acting Secretary of the Army Honorable Adam Telle recently announced the Army’s first‑ever “Manufacturing Rodeo”, describing it as a competitive stress test for both the Army’s organic industrial base and the nation’s broader manufacturing network.

Meanwhile, the mineral demands of military rearmament are becoming more pressing. Global military expenditure reached a record US$2.887 trillion in 2025, with European spending rising 14% in real terms. US expenditure fell that year, but the wider rearmament cycle continued. Larger budgets create purchasing power; they cannot immediately create additional mineral supply.

Tungsten shows why securing supply takes more than money

The four tonnes of tungsten used in the weapons fired in the 11 days of the Iran War is a relatively small quantity in the wider tungsten market (the US imported an estimated 11,700 tonnes of tungsten in 2025) — but securing dependable supplies outside China increasingly means committing years ahead.

In July 2026, US processor Global Tungsten & Powders extended its agreement for approximately 90% of Sangdong’s first-phase production to 21 years; buyers seeking additional material face a market where substantial volumes of new supply already have a customer.

And China has tightened access to its own production after, in February 2025, Beijing introduced export licensing requirements for selected tungsten products. S&P Global’s August 2026 report found that prices more than quadrupled between January-July in 2026.

(See our recent article Tungsten price shock signals deeper supply crisis)

US sourcing requirements are tightening too: from January 2027, defence procurement restrictions on covered tungsten products extend back to the mining and feedstock stages, generally excluding Chinese-origin material even when processed elsewhere, subject to specified exceptions.

Turning defence demand into secure mineral supply

The clearest evidence of the strategic urgency is Washington’s growing intervention in mining finance — particularly domestic projects — including:

Conclusion

Before America can reload its missile stockpiles, it must first reload its critical-mineral supply chains — potentially making the mining companies capable of delivering those materials at scale strategic pillars of the US defense industrial base.

* * * 

Our Take 

The Oregon Group’s assessment that the US must “reload its critical-mineral supply chains” before accelerating the rearmament supercycle reinforces our focus on miners already producing these materials. 

Yet a sharp disconnect has emerged between mining stocks and underlying spot metal prices. 

We highlighted that divergence in “Great Rare Earth Disconnect,” a view shared by William Blair analysts, which suggested that rare earth stocks trading at 52-week lows… 

… may present a buying opportunity, arguing that optimism surrounding Chinese supply is “incorrect.”

Tyler Durden
Sun, 10/25/2026 – 21:00

Lula Leads After Last-Minute Voting Extension As “Bolsonaro Trade” Implodes; Trader Warns Of “Circuit Breaker” Chaos

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Lula Leads After Last-Minute Voting Extension As “Bolsonaro Trade” Implodes; Trader Warns Of “Circuit Breaker” Chaos

Summary:

  • NYT: Several electoral lawyers say today’s vote could be annulled
  • With 99.7% of ballots counted, Lula has 51.8% of the vote, while Bolsonaro has 48.2%.
  • Brazilian Supreme Court Judge Extends Voting Time By Two Hours
  • Brazil Runoff Enters Final Hour: Left-Right Showdown Could Reshape Latin America’s Political Balance

Election Could Be Annulled 

New York Times reporter Adam Ellick reports: 

Several electoral lawyers say today’s vote could be annulled due to confusion over the late decision to extend voting hours. All four lawyers interviewed call the situation unprecedented. 

“This is an extremely serious, critical situation,” said Priscilla Sodré Pereira, an electoral lawyer. Supreme Court Justice Cristiano Zanin decided, minutes before polls closed, to extend all polling stations by two additional hours. 

By the time of the announcement, some polling centers had already closed, their voting machines had shut down, and they could not reopen. 

Fernando Neisser, an electoral law professor at Fundação Getulio Vargas, a Brazilian research institute, said the election could be annulled if the margin is very narrow and it is shown that polling stations stayed open longer in areas that strongly favor one candidate.

Meanwhile …

Latest Election Update

With 99.7% of ballots counted, Lula has 51.8% of the vote, while Bolsonaro has 48.2%.

8 hours ago, Bolsonaro was 82% odds on to win…

Earlier, Lula asked a Brazilian Supreme Court judge to extend voting nationwide by two hours.

That likely allowed…

“If a conservative government in Brazil did this, everyone in the mainstream press in America would lose their minds, but I guess they’re just choosing to be silent because it’s all for the cause,” Donald Trump Jr. wrote on X, commenting on Lula’s last-minute request to extend voting.

In markets, Hyperliquid’s Brazil ETF perpetual crashed nearly 30% as the “Bolsonaro trade” unwinds.

Bloomberg analyst Felipe Saturnino cited Isabela Fukase, a fixed-income portfolio manager at Tivio Capital, who warned: “There will be a ‘circuit breaker’ in Brazil stocks and DI rates tomorrow” if Lula is confirmed as the winner.

Fukase said that, in that scenario, swap rate futures would rise “more than 150 basis points easily, 200 basis points,” while the Brazilian real would likely fall about 10%.

All it took for Lula and the socialists was to extend the election. This will probably be challenged. 

Brazilian Supreme Court Judge Extends Voting Time By Two Hours

AFP News reports that a Brazilian Supreme Court judge extended voting nationwide by two hours after complaints that public transport problems had hindered access to polling stations.

Justice Cristiano Zanin ordered polling stations to remain open until 7 p.m. local time, or 6 p.m. in New York, following a request from President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.

One key question is whether the additional voting window boosts turnout in Lula’s favor. The transport complaints also raise questions about cheating. 

Hyperliquid’s Brazil ETF perpetual dropped 3.5% on the news. 

Brazil Runoff Enters Final Hour: Left-Right Showdown Could Reshape Latin America’s Political Balance

Brazilians began voting early Sunday in a presidential runoff, with right-wing Senator Flávio Bolsonaro and socialist President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva statistically tied. Bolsonaro won the first round at the start of the month.

Nearly 160 million people are eligible to vote today, with polling stations closing at 1600 ET. A last-minute AtlasIntel survey for Bloomberg, released Saturday, showed Bolsonaro leading Lula 51% to 49%, largely in line with other final polls. The survey’s margin of error was 1 percentage point.

Regular readers will remember that polls showed Lula ahead going into the first round, but Bolsonaro finished ahead with 47.03% of valid votes to Lula’s 45.16%.

Goldman’s chief Latin America economist, Alberto Ramos, provides the latest in his runoff Q&A (available to pro subscribers):

“The race has tightened considerably. Polls immediately after the first round gave conservative Bolsonaro a 4- to 5-point lead over left-wing incumbent President Lula in the October 25 runoff. His lead has since narrowed to 0 to 2.5 points, with one outlier, Vox, showing Lula slightly ahead. Prediction markets still favor Bolsonaro, but the odds are less lopsided than immediately after the first round.”

Here is Goldman’s poll-of-polls, which shows Bolsonaro’s lead eroding in the final stretch (chart source: GS GIR):

And here is the full scorecard by pollster. Goldman’s average still puts Bolsonaro ahead 51% to 49%, a 2-point lead right on the edge of most surveys’ margin of error. Note how many arrows point down: in almost every poll, the senator’s lead is smaller than it was in that pollster’s previous survey.

Polymarket gives Bolsonaro an 82% chance of winning the runoff, while Lula’s odds are around 20%.

Post-Election Market Outlook:

UBS analyst Kyle Duca adds more color to FX impact on election results: 

Trading and strategy see a wide two-way range for BRL around the presidential runoff, but distinguish between the likely FX and rates reactions in each outcome. 

The FX trading desk sees a Lula win pushing USDBRL toward 5.40-5.45, where the move could run out of steam as higher rates bring the carry trade back into play and encourage USDBRL selling. 

On a Flavio win, trading sees more of a rates story, with USDBRL likely moving toward 4.90-4.80 before interest to clean up emerges. A sharp rates rally and diminished carry could then leave FX consolidating around those levels. 

FX Strategy sees USDBRL at 4.70-4.80 if Flavio wins 52%-48%, with less upside for BRL if the margin is below 1%. A Lula victory would put USDBRL at 5.30-5.50.

The “Bolsonaro trade” is already gaining momentum ahead of the runoff.

The black line, Hyperliquid’s Brazil ETF perpetual, has surged to $45.16, about 6% above the iShares MSCI Brazil ETF (EWZ), which closed at $42.59 on Friday. 

By this evening, Brazilian voters will decide whether to accelerate Latin America’s rightward shift or extend a failed left-wing economic agenda that risks deeper deficits, a mounting debt pile, higher interest rates, more economic gloom, and faltering investor confidence. A Bolsonaro win would cement the continent’s rightward shift.  

Tyler Durden
Sun, 10/25/2026 – 20:37

Trump Treasury Lining Up Private Debt Collectors To Seize Wages From Nearly 10 Million Student Loan Defaulters: Report

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Trump Treasury Lining Up Private Debt Collectors To Seize Wages From Nearly 10 Million Student Loan Defaulters: Report

Trump administration officials are preparing to penalize millions of Americans in default on their federal student loans next year, The Washington Sun reported, citing five people familiar with the matter. The Treasury Department is moving forward with plans to hire private debt collectors, possibly as soon as November, three of the sources said, and those plans are unlikely to be announced before the midterm elections.

According to the Treasury’s Sept. 30 release – there are more than 5 million borrowers who have been in default for over six years and another 5 million who entered default in less than a year.

The plan would revive collections the administration shelved this year. As we noted in January, the Education Department said it would begin garnishing wages in January, with up to 15% of a borrower’s after-tax income at stake and about 1,000 notices expected the first week. That same month, however, ABC News reported that the department paused both wage garnishment and Treasury Offset Program collections – tax refund seizures included. Under Secretary Nicholas Kent said the tools “will function more efficiently and fairly” after reforms, and the department said it had collected roughly $500 million from defaulted borrowers before the pause.

According to the Sun, last year the White House Office of Management and Budget began helping the Education Department prepare to seize federal benefits and wages from defaulted borrowers, and Treasury officials blocked the effort, citing the economic cost of punitive measures against workers. Staff said they warned senior Treasury officials that scores of Trump supporters would be seriously hurt by going after the wages and benefits of people struggling to keep their jobs. “This is not who you think it is. The demographics are not good for us,” one source said.

Some officials want to garnish benefits and wages for the current tax year, meaning the April 15, 2027 deadline, but the sources cautioned that it could slip again while Treasury makes sure its new Defaulted Loans Support Center is working. That online portal for rehabilitating or consolidating a defaulted loan launched Sept. 30. The administration’s stated preference remains getting borrowers into voluntary payment plans. “It would be politically insane to do this before the midterms,” one source said, “but 2027 probably makes a little more sense.”

The government has two main tools; one seizes payments that follow taxes, such as expected tax refunds, Social Security payments, and the earned income tax credit and child tax credit. The other garnishes wages by requiring employers to send the money to the government. Newsweek noted that wages can be garnished up to 15% without a court order, citing the National Consumer Law Center, and that borrowers generally get at least 30 days’ notice first.

OMB and Treasury declined to comment. The Education Department said: “We don’t respond to fishing expeditions.” IBTimes noted that no agency has responded on the record to the plans themselves, and no restart date has been announced.

Treasury’s push last year to postpone collections has cost taxpayers about $5 billion so far, according to Marc Goldwein of the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, and the figure grows the longer the administration waits. “They’ve done the same thing they criticized Biden for,” Goldwein said. Treasury’s September release itself blamed the prior administration for the default pile-up, including its termination of contracts with private collection vendors, the same kind of contractors Treasury is now reportedly preparing to hire.

Advocates see the post-election timing as political opportunism. Michael Pierce, executive director of Protect Borrowers, said Treasury may not even have the data needed to certify the debts for collection, a legal prerequisite. “What comes next will be a catastrophe for families across the country,” he said. The Center for American Progress estimates 9.5 million borrowers are in default, according to IBTimes.

Tyler Durden
Sun, 10/25/2026 – 20:30

Trump Says He Might Support Student Loan Interest Cap

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Trump Says He Might Support Student Loan Interest Cap

Authored by Tom Gantert via The Epoch Times,

President Donald Trump said on Saturday that he might support a bill capping federal student loan interest at 2.5 percent. Interest rates for newer federal student loans range from 6.52 percent to 9.07 percent, depending on the loan type.

President Donald Trump (L) speaks to reporters alongside First Lady Melania Trump after they cast their ballots during early voting in West Palm Beach, Fla., on Oct. 24, 2026. Alex Wong/Getty Images

“President Trump said he will support capping federal student loan interest rates at 2.5%! This has been an issue that I’ve long championed in Congress,” said Rep. Anna Paulina Luna (R-Fla.) in an X post on Saturday.

“Every American that decides to pursue higher education, especially in STEM, becomes an asset to our nation and gives us an edge on China.”

Luna posted a video of Trump saying “he might” support an interest rate cap.

In June, Luna introduced a resolution asking the House to consider legislation to lower the interest rate on federal student loans to 2 percent.

The issue has been circulating in Congress for a while. Rep. Michael Lawler (R-N.Y.) introduced the Affordable Loans for Students bill in March 2025 that would lower the interest rate on student loans to 2 percent. It sits in the House Committee on Education and the Workforce.

Democrats introduced legislation in 2026 to eliminate interest on federal student loans.

Rep. Joe Courtney (D-Conn.) and Sen. Peter Welch (D-Vt.) reintroduced the Student Loan Interest Elimination Act on March 24 to eliminate interest on federal student loans, offering another approach to reducing borrowing costs.

Courtney said student debt affects 43 million borrowers.

The Act would let borrowers refinance current and future federal student loans at zero percent interest, according to a statement from Courtney’s office.

Courtney said interest payments impose a substantial burden on borrowers already struggling with living expenses.

“At a time when Americans are experiencing a cost-of-living crisis, student loan repayment with interest adds a crushing burden to millions of middle-class student loan borrowers,” he said in a statement.

In June, the Department of Education announced that 42.6 million people had federal student loans totaling $1.7 trillion. As of March 2026, about 9 million borrowers had $220 billion in outstanding federal student loans in default.

The Trump administration introduced two student loan repayment plans July 1 under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act.

The Repayment Assistance Plan bases monthly payments on income and reduces them by $50 for each dependent, according to the Department of Education.

The Trump administration agreed on Oct. 21 to dismiss two appeals seeking to reinstate restrictions on the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program, while a third appeal remained pending, according to court filings.

Federal judges in Massachusetts and Washington struck down an Education Department rule June 30 that would have excluded employers deemed to have a “substantial illegal purpose.”

Nonprofit organizations, states and other challengers argued that the department exceeded its authority by imposing restrictions Congress had not authorized.

The federal student loan payment pause began March 13, 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, suspending payments and interest on eligible loans. After extensions under the Trump and Biden administrations, interest resumed Sept. 1, 2023. Most borrowers’ payments became due again in October 2023, according to the Congressional Research Service.

Tyler Durden
Sun, 10/25/2026 – 19:00